Sutherland found cyclic adenosine monophosphate Earl Wilbur Sutherland, the discovery of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and the second messenger, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medical in 1

Sutherland found cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Earl Wilbur Sutherland, the discovery of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and the second messenger, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medical in 1971.

Sutherland first discovered that when the liver tissue is stimulated by adrenaline, the hepatic glycolytic enzyme in the cell is activated. When it is activated, the enzyme is attached to a lot of phosphoric acid; and the activated glycolytic enzyme is attached. When phosphoric acid is removed by the action of dephosphatase, it loses its activity.This is the first example to show that enzymes in cells can regulate the activity of enzymes by phosphorylation.Sutherland then discovered that the hormone itself does not enter the cell, so it can not directly control the activity of various enzymes inside the cell, so he suspects that other substances should be used in the cell to allow the hormone information to be transmitted to the cell.He found that the hormone mainly acts on the cell membrane first, and then some small molecules are released inside the cell membrane to the inside of the cell; thus, he regards the hormone as the first-level messenger responsible for intercellular communication in the body, and after the hormone stimulates the cell membrane, Regulatory molecules produced within cells are called secondary messengers.He also confirmed that many different hormones in the body use cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) as a secondary messenger.

Professor Kedel discovered that cyclic adenosine monophosphate has a great effect on nerve cells

Professor Greengard discovered the process of dopamine and other similar transmitters to stimulate nerve cells.The receptor on the cell surface activates the enzyme on the cell membrane and initiates the production of a second messenger (cyclic adenosine monophosphate).The second messenger (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) penetrates into the cell-activated protein kinase, which initiates the binding of the phosphate group to the protein, thereby altering the function of these proteins.With the help of the protein kinases elucidated by Greengard, the University of Columbia, Kandel, found that this transmitter of the Carlson study is associated with many advanced functions of the nervous system。

Kandel The professor concluded that cyclic adenosine monophosphate plays an important role in repairing brain cells, activating brain cells, and regulating brain cell function, converting short-term memory into long-term memory, and alleviating brain cell fatigue and delaying brain cells. The aging, so Kandel won the 2000 Nobel Prize in Medicine。